Ceptron is a process world model: physics, simulated worlds and your data, in one model.Talk to us →
Domains · Pulp & paper

A process world model for integrated mills.

Know what a setpoint change will do before you make it. Ceptron learns the physics of cooking, washing, recovery and the paper machine from millions of simulated mill histories, then reads your mill's own history to answer for your mill. No bump tests, and no experiments on the running mill.

The physics hereChemistry and heat. Mass, energy, sodium and sulfur balances for every unit; cooking, bleaching and causticizing kinetics; dewatering and drying; delays from tanks and residence times, seconds at the dryer to months in the recovery loop.

Why mills are hard to model and what the world model does about it
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Seconds to months

A mill answers in seconds at the dryer, hours at the digester and months in the recovery loop. The model is trained on simulated histories, not snapshots, so slow effects are part of every answer.

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Control loops hide causes

Operators and controllers react to what they see, which makes mill history misleading. The model is built to tell what the controllers did from what the process did.

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Every mill is different

Physics sets the ceiling, and each mill sits below it in its own way: dryers typically use 1.2 to 1.35 tonnes of steam per tonne of water, against about 1.0 in theory. The model infers where your mill sits from its history.

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The kind of question it answers

Ask: What is the lowest steam per tonne at 7.5% sheet moisture, with strength in spec? Answer: raise press load 5%; dryer steam falls about 4% (± 1), moisture holds, break risk unchanged. Illustrative example.

Built once, for mills

1Build once the mill's physics, unit by unit. Done offline, by us.

Click any box for what it is, an example and what it means in plain terms · example numbers are illustrative
BUILD ONCE · OFFLINE 🏭Mill configurationflowsheet · units · capacities 🌲Furnishwood · recycled fiber · chemicals 🕹Control and practiceloops · APC · crews 🎛Setpointsthe knobs to search over 📦Grade slatespecs · rate · prices Forward modelbalances, kinetics and lags, unit by unit Digester, cooking› Washing, bleaching› Evaporators› Recovery boiler› Causticizing, kiln› Stock prep, wet end› Press and dryers› Steam, economics› in = out + accumulation(water · fiber · Na · S · energy) Simulation-based priorforward model + ranges for the unknownsWHAT DIFFERS MILL TO MILLefficiencies, wear and fouling,sensors, how the operation is runeach one drawn from a range,so every world is different Mill historiesmillions, simulatedone draw per mill→ weeks of history each ⚙️Train oncelearns how everysimulated millbehaves 🧠World modelfor millsINmill + history+ questionOUTforecast withbands, setpoints,equipment options,schedules ASK · SECONDS Your mill + questionlowest steam per tonneat moisture and strength spec Mill historyhistorian · lab · eventslocates your mill Ceptronone forward pass Answerpress load +5%steam −4% (± 1) · quality held Actual ≠ planned?Diagnose (TCPFN) findsthe missing mechanism new mechanism into the forward model, never a patched number
Selected

Answer

The forecast, the recommended setpoints and how sure it is.

Example
press load +5% → steam −4% (± 1) · moisture held · break risk unchanged
In plain terms
The shift plan, with expected results.
Selected

Causticizing and lime kiln

Regenerates white liquor and reburns lime. The equilibrium sets a ceiling; the kiln sets fuel cost.

Example
mud solids +5 points → less water to evaporate → lower kiln fuel
In plain terms
Recharging the batteries for the next cook.
Selected

Control loops and practice

How the mill is actually run: DCS loops, advanced control and operator habits. The reason mill history cannot be read naively.

Example
moisture loop: dryer steam pressure ← QCS moisture · gain set by the mill
In plain terms
Autopilot and crew habits: you see what they did, not what the plane would have done alone.
Selected

Actual ≠ planned → Diagnose

When the mill does not do what was forecast, find the cause and add the missing mechanism.

Example
planned steam −4% · actual −1% → cause: hood balance drifted
In plain terms
The investigator reading the flight recorder.
Selected

Digester and cooking

Turns chips and white liquor into pulp: how far lignin is removed (kappa), yield and alkali consumption.

Example
H-factor 700 → kappa ≈ target; +2 K → kappa drops, alkali use rises
In plain terms
Cooking time and heat, and how done the dish comes out.
Selected

Evaporators

Concentrates weak black liquor so it can burn. Steam economy and scaling decide capacity.

Example
liquor 72% solids · BPR ≈ 18 °C · scaling risk above 50%
In plain terms
Boiling down a sauce: the thicker it gets, the more it sticks.
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Forward model

Given every parameter, it computes the outcome: mass, sodium, sulfur and energy balances per unit, kinetics where they exist, and the lags between units.

Example
per unit: in = out + accumulation (water, fiber, Na, S, energy)
In plain terms
The physics engine of a whole-mill simulator, written for mills in general rather than one mill.
Selected

Furnish and raw materials

What goes in: wood species and chips, recycled fiber, cooking liquor and purchased chemicals. Changes here show up hours to days later downstream.

Example
70% softwood · chips 4 mm · white liquor sulfidity 30% · OCC 40% in the middle ply
In plain terms
The ingredients, and how much they vary between deliveries.
Selected

Grade slate and demand

What the mill must make: grades, specs, rates and prices. The same machine is easy or hard to run depending on the slate.

Example
board 300 g/m² · moisture 7.5% · ring crush ≥ spec · 1,000 t/day
In plain terms
The passengers, cargo and schedule.
Selected

Mill history

The historian, lab results and event records. It tells the model which simulated mill yours is.

Example
6 weeks · ~100 tags · 1-minute data + daily lab
In plain terms
The plane's logbook and flight recorder.
Selected

Mill configuration

What is installed: the flowsheet, unit types and sizes, and how they are connected.

Example
continuous digester · 2 washers · O-D-Eop-D · 7-effect evaporators · 3-ply board machine
In plain terms
The plant's blueprint and nameplate data.
Selected

Press and dryers

Removes water: mechanically in the presses, then with steam in the dryer section, where most of the machine's steam goes. Every point of water the presses leave behind costs steam.

Example
press solids 42% → 43%: 4.3% less water to evaporate
In plain terms
Wringing out a towel before putting it in the dryer.
Selected

Simulation-based prior

The forward model plus a range for everything unknown. Each sample is one complete simulated mill, run for weeks of simulated time.

Example
one draw: a complete simulated mill → weeks of simulated history
In plain terms
A simulator set to random mills, woods, crews and weather.
Selected

Your mill + question

What you ask: a setpoint change, a goal, or a plan over a horizon.

Example
lowest steam per tonne at moisture 7.5% and ring crush ≥ spec
In plain terms
Telling the operator the goal for this shift.
Selected

Recovery boiler

Burns concentrated liquor to make steam and recover chemicals. Usually the mill's bottleneck.

Example
1,800 t dry solids/day · 13.9 MJ/kg → steam to the header
In plain terms
The engine room: it powers the mill and recycles the fuel.
Selected

Setpoints

The knobs. The search space Recommend explores; each one is a mechanism in the forward model.

Example
press load +5% · steam group 3 −10 kPa · retention aid −0.1 kg/t
In plain terms
The flight settings, here for a whole plant.
Selected

Steam and economics

Ties the mill together and turns it into dollars: steam headers, turbines, chemicals, energy and fiber.

Example
header dips → dryer steam drops → moisture rises → break risk rises
In plain terms
The plant's fuel and money flows.
Selected

Train once

One network learns, across all simulated mills, how mills behave and what changes do.

Example
trained once, used for every mill
In plain terms
Simulator hours, done before the operator ever sits down.
Selected

Washing and bleaching

Separates pulp from spent liquor, then brightens it. Washing efficiency decides how much soda and organics go forward instead of back to recovery.

Example
dilution factor 2.5 → E10 ≈ 5 → soda loss per tonne
In plain terms
Rinsing the dishes: more water cleans better but costs more downstream.
Selected

Stock prep and wet end

Refines and blends fiber, adds chemistry, and feeds the headbox. Fast loops and the least transferable models.

Example
+20 kWh/t on softwood → freeness −30 mL → drainage slower
In plain terms
Mixing the batter before it goes in the oven.
Selected

World model

The trained network. Every question is one forward pass over the mill's recent history.

Example
one pass · steam −4% (± 1)
In plain terms
An experienced operator who has run every mill.
Selected

Simulated mill histories

Millions of synthetic mill histories. Each is a different simulated mill, run for weeks.

Example
millions of simulated mills, each run for weeks
In plain terms
Millions of practice shifts, all simulated.
The recipe

2Ask it questions any time, about any environment. Each tab is one question.

The questionWhat will happen if I change this setting?
You give
Your millintegrated kraft, 6 weeks of history
The changepress load +5%
Observationshistorian, lab and events
→
🧠 The world model
  1. Learns how this particular mill behaves, from your data
  2. Forecasts the outcome of the change, without running it
→
You get
dryer steam −4% (± 1)
moisture held · break risk unchanged
In plain terms✈ Ask the pilot: “If we climb to 30,000 feet in this plane, what happens?”
The questionWhat should I set to hit my target at the lowest cost?
You give
Your millgrade and rate for the shift
Goallowest steam per tonne
Limitmoisture 7.5%, strength in spec
→
🧠 The world model
  1. Proposes thousands of possible settings
  2. Forecasts each one, keeps the best it is confident about
→
You get
press load +5%, hood balance reset
inside your control limits
In plain terms✈ Ask the pilot: “What route and speed save the most fuel and still land on time?”
The questionWhich hardware, or which upgrade, pays back?
You give
Your millrecovery island, current fouling state
Optionssootblower upgrade, extra evaporator effect
Goalthroughput per dollar
→
🧠 The world model
  1. Forecasts every option at its best settings
  2. Ranks them by cost and speed
→
You get
sootblower upgrade first
weeks between washes ↑, throughput ↑
In plain terms✈ Ask the pilot: “Which aircraft should we lease for this route?”
The questionWe planned for X but got Y. Why?
You give
Plannedsteam −4%
Actualsteam −1%
Historythe last two days of tags
→
🧠 The world model
  1. The causal model reads the history and names the cause of the gap
  2. The missing mechanism goes into the physics
→
You get
Cause: hood balance drifted
fix: rebalance the hood, then re-check
In plain terms✈ The investigator reading the flight recorder: why did we burn more fuel than planned?
The questionWhat should I do, and when?
You give
Your millrecovery boiler, 9 weeks since wash
Horizonnext 6 weeks
Goalfewest lost tonnes
→
🧠 The world model
  1. Forecasts the whole horizon, step by step
  2. Returns a schedule, not a single setting
→
You get
wash in week 3, between grade runs
plugging risk kept below the limit
In plain terms✈ Ask the pilot: “Plan the whole flight, step by step, around tomorrow's weather.”

Numbers are illustrative.

Built for the traps

Twenty ways mill data misleads.

Each trap is a test file with the answer planted first, told the way it shows up in a mill. Click a card for the trap, its impact, what the model did, and the test files.

a relationship that really existsone that looks real and is not
1–8 of 20

The test files are synthetic, with the answers planted in advance. Nothing here is a result on mill data.

The trap

Impact

What the model did

Scope

Test files

Talk to us

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Tell us which units and questions matter most and we will be in touch.